Neuroscience on Oliver's Mount

Your brain weighs about 3kg, probably less than 5% of your body's mass, yet it uses about 20% of your energy; literally to recharge your nerve cell batteries. So, if an animal has a big brain then it needs to use it; if only to get hold of the extra food it needs to keep the big brain going. 

Ever since people have had brain injuries, and recovered enough for us to see the effects, we've known that different parts of the brain do different things. These days, by using our collective intelligence to develop technologies that extend our senses, (e.g Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging FMRT ) we can make a good guess about which bits of the brain are active at any one time. Not by looking directly at the activity itself, but at the flow of blood that takes place in response. 

Using this technology, we now know that a part of the brain called the amygdala , which is responsible for our emotional responses, can be activated just by seeing an angry face  and, as a result, we feel the emotion of fear and the rest of our brain and body is primed for action.

Apropos of something, I was taking a daft route up Oliver's Mount to buy some potatoes when I met a speeding motor cyclist under the impression it was a race day. Coming very quickly towards me around a bend, I made a gesture of exasperation (hand held out palm up, eyes rolled towards the sky) . A little later, just as I'd started on the straight that looks out over The Mere, I heard the motorbike coming quickly down the hill behind. I pulled over to one side, stopped, and pointedly pointed at the 30 mph sign on the other side of the road.

He saw what I was doing and, rather than carry on at a reasonable speed decided to pull up alongside and ask what I was doing. Not happy with the suggestion that I thought he ought to be obeying the speed limit, he became quite agitated and, having suggested that I get a life (presumably one other than the one in which I get pleasure from pissing him off)  asked with a rhetorical flourish if I wanted to get punched. Not deeming this worth a reply I simply stood where I was while he hurled abuse in my face.

Strangely, despite the obvious anger, and at least the suggestion of intent, it was no trouble just to stand there and look straight back while he ranted. Eventually he restarted his bike and roared off. I simply made a mental note of his number KP 06 OMR

Because he was wearing a helmet with a completely dark visor I couldn't actually see his face. In particular, I couldn't see the look of anger that I presume must have been there.

It isn't that I wasn't concerned, just that, like dealing with an unknown dog, the best way to create doubt about whether you're worth taking on in a fight is to maintain eye contact and stand your ground.  (It also crossed my mind that if he did actually go for me there was a chance that his bike would get knocked over and he really wouldn't want that.) No, what was odd here, was that I didn't really feel any strong emotional response. Without the angry face to go with the cross words my amygdala didn't seem too fussed.

So, if you ever really want to frighten someone, to "light up" their amygdala, it's best to let them see your face.

Looking across to the Mere in early winter sunshine.

Cinder Track Sep 26th 2018

The Friends of the Old Railway have been waiting a long time for the Borough Council to finalise its report on the future development of the Track. With any luck this should be out soon and then we can get on with making sure the report doesn't just gather dust on a shelf, but becomes a plan for action.

 At last week's consultation meeting on the draft report I listed our priorities. Because it's used far more than anywhere else, and offers the biggest potential benefits to public health (getting people more active as well as cutting pollution), our clear priority is the urban section of the Track between Scarborough town centre and Station Road in Scalby. (see "Smooth enough for buggies and wheelchairs") . After that it would be the stretches from Hawsker to Whitby, from Scalby to Burniston, both of which are in easy commuter range. Finally, to give a safe off route for road bikes between the north and south of the Borough that avoids the A 171, the stretch from Ravenscar to Boggle Hole.

This doesn't mean that we don't think its important to deal with the other more rural sections, simply that these need to be improved with the active support and agreement of the people who live there.

Yesterday I made one of my slightly irregular inspection runs from Scarborough to Ravenscar. There are still surface issues in a number of places but these are no worse than they have been. However, recent strong winds have been getting at the increasingly fragile trees that line much of the Track (in many cases self seeded in the drainage channels at the side) and this highlights the need to plant replacements further back from the Track before the current trees either collapse of their own accord or have to be removed in order to get at the drains.

Fallen branch obstructing the Track

 just north of Staintondale Staion.

The wind had also brought down one of the finger post signs that I'd installed on Station Road in Scalby. Luckily it had landed on the hedge and I was able to recover it. Let's hope, that once I've put it back up again, I won't have to do it again because by then there'll be some proper official metal signs in their place.

Recovered sign along with the original stencils

Desire lines from Barrowcliff

Barrowcliff is one of the many communities in Scarborough that connect to the Cinder Track (the old railway line from Scarborough to Whitby). It's far from being a wealthy place and is currently getting additional funding from an organisation called the Local Trust. 

Strangely the area boundary for this Trust doesn't include the fields to the East that cover what were once the carriage sidings on the old railway. This is despite the fact that Woodlands Ward boundary (which can be found by zooming in on this map) runs along the route of the old line which is on the eastern edge of the fields.

As someone keen to develop the old railway line as a high quality route for walkers and cyclists, the fact that the Track forms the boundary of the some of the Borough's wards means that it's been hard to engage some of Borough Councillors for these wards in helping to improve the Track (which in this area is currently far too bumpy and far too narrow) because it isn't really in their patch.

But, if you go onto St Leonard's Crescent, where paths lead out across the fields, you'll notice that the good citizens of Barrowcliff have been voting with their feet and leaving the traces behind on the grass. These "desire lines" give a clear indication of where people want to walk, ride their bikes or push their buggies and the routes they pick out are clearly of local significance.

View from the official path clearly showing the two desire lines.

The one on the left goes to Maple Drive, 

the other cuts off the corner to join the Track heading south.

A Google Earth image of the area not only shows the desire lines are a constant feature (and not just an artifact of a long spell of dry weather) but also the rather peculiar layout of the existing tarmac paths.

We know that low levels of physical activity are causing a major public health crisis. We know that poorer people are less likely to be physically active than richer people and we know that the best way to get enough exercise is for it to be part of your everyday life. This means making short journeys on foot or by bike. 

We know that improving the Cinder Track, especially in urban areas like this, would encourage more people to walk or cycle, improve their health and reduce the harms caused by traffic. So why does the Big Local area exclude these fields and the old railway line? 

Cinder Track May 28th 2018

This time I chose a Bank Holiday Monday for a trip up to Ravenscar. There were quite a few family groups but no sign of the speedsters that threaten the good folk of Robin Hoods Bay.

Good News

The start of the Track near Sainsbury's in Scarborough has been resurfaced and is now much more welcoming.

A family group getting ready to set off up to Whitby

(once the children have been persuaded off the play equipment)

The drain down the hill past the Rugy Club has been cleared and most of the surface damage has been repaired. Thank you.

Drain cleared and surface repaired

Not far south of Ravenscar a very minor road bridge crosses the Track. Work is taking place to repoint the brickwork.

Scaffolding in place for bridge maintenance

But

There are still a few gullies left and drifts of loose material that can easily catch out inexperienced riders.

A sand trap for the unwary between Scalby and Burniston

It's been dry for a few weeks so there isn't any standing water but further up the Track, between the footpath that goes to Staintondale and the Manor Farm crossing (the double gates across the Track that shouldn't really be there), water running down the Track has formed a gully and reduced the effective width of a 200m section to about half a metre. (One side of the Track is now a bumpy brick channel and effectively unusable)

Andy Sharp 30/5/18

Cinder Track April 3rd 2018

You might wonder why these reports always seem to come after heavy rain. Well, for the last month or so it's either been raining, about to rain or just stopped and when it does stop, that's when I really feel the need to get out. 

With a house the main thing to look after is the roof, once water starts getting in that's when you start getting problems, with the Track it's the drains. And the best time to see how well they're coping is after it's been raining.

Good News

There used to be a flooding problem in the area around Manor Road Bridge in Scarborough. The land drains were improved a year or so ago but then a blockage in the main drain that they led to caused foul water to back up on the Track. This has now been fixed and, apart from a bit of water along the edges, this stretch of Track has stayed clear.

Standing water

Because the Track surface is often lower than its surroundings water tends to accumulate without running away. in the longer term we need to make sure that the Track is properly profiled so that water runs off. This problem affects many flatter stretches.

Standing water near the Rugby Club

Deep flooding

Just after the Track crosses the Coastal Road in Burniston it's completely flooded. A few years ago a drain that runs under the road was unblocked and it looks like it's time this was done again. Meanwhile, it's a short diversion to take the main road towards Burniston, turn right onto Cross Lane and then right again onto Rock's Lane to rejoin the Track at the bridge.

Flooding at Burniston

Water running along the surface

When water runs along a surface made of loose material it not only makes unpredictable gullies but also leaves drifts of loose material that can catch your front wheel and throw you off. This is a particular problem for inexperienced cyclists. Sometimes the water is simply rain which has landed on the track itself. This could be dealt with by grading the surface so it runs off sideways. Sometimes, it's also coming from somewhere else.  E.g a spring has emerged under Cober Hill Bridge (near Cloughton), water is then running for a couple of hundred metres down the Track before heading off sideways into a field. This could be water that's running down an electrical conduit before getting forced to the surface.

Spring under Cober Hill Bridge

Severe erosion near footpath

to Staintondale

Overflowing drain near field entrance 
half a mile below Hayburn Wyke

Water running along the top of the embankment
just below the Grange Farm crossing

Overhanging broken branches

The Goat willows which have self seeded along many parts of the Track, annoyingly in many of the drainage channels, are approaching the end of their lives (40 years or so) and becoming increasingly fragile. There were at least half a dozen half broken branches dangling dangerously over the Track as well as one tree that had conveniently decided to fall over in the other direction.

Enlarge this and you'll spot the dangling branch

Fallen Goat Willow to the north of 

Grange Farm crossing (the double gates

across the Track)

When I went out I thought it had stopped raining but it had really been about to rain after all and I got pissed through on my way back down the road from Ravenscar.

As predicted ...CinderTrack update

A few weeks ago I made an inspection run up the Cinder Track and pointed out that drains near the Rugby Club had become full of silt and would, sooner or later, cause water to run down the Track and erode the loose surface.

Lo and behold, the drain hasn't been cleared ....

Silt filling the drain

.... and the Track surface has severely eroded.

Water running down the surface has exposed

 the Track's brick and rubble base.

Joined by even more water further down the Track, where more sections of the drain have silted up with run off from the fields next door (cue blog post on soil erosion and the number of harvests we've got left if we don't make more efforts to keep the soil where it is), we've not only got drifts of loose material but also the beginnings of deep gullys.

Drifts of loose material ready 

to catch out the inexperienced.

This gully is over 20 cm deep and an obvious hazard.

There's an old saying that "a stitch in time saves nine". In this case the failure to maintain the drain means that the surface will now have to be repaired as well. Unless, of course, we're prepared to simply leave it in a hazardous state.

+ I'm meeting officials from the North Yorkshire Moors National Park next week to discuss the role volunteering might play in maintaining and improving the Track. Here's what I wrote in an e-mail to the National Park, the Borough Council and our fellow Friends Group (Gateway) who are based in Whitby.

"I was out on the Track last weekend with Ian Lambert, a Sustrans Ranger and member of the Friends. As well as tidying up some signage we also did a litter/fly tipping pick along the cutting between the Gallows Close Centre and Cross Lane Bridge in Scarborough.

During the previous week I also conducted a quick inspection ride between Scarborough and Ravenscar. http://seven-billion-to-one.blogspot.co.uk/2018/02/cinder-track-feb-2018.html

The challenge facing volunteering on the Track is the scale of the task. Major work is needed to improve the quality of the Track (especially in the urban areas where it gets most use and where there is the greatest potential for latent demand to be released). This is beyond our capacity as volunteers.

However, there are some discreet tasks that are amenable.
1) Controlling vegetatative overgrowth of the Track but only along short stretches (e.g. in the summer of 2016 three of us scraped back the vegetation that had dramatically reduced the path width between Newby Farm Road and the Scalby viaduct).

2) Litter picking
3) Drain clearance (e.g see the picture of the silted up drain near the Rugby Club in the report linked above). It would undoubtedly be useful to have access to the Maintenance Schedule so that the most important jobs could be readily identified (Paul?)
4) Tree planting. It's clear that some trees, particularly those that have grown in drainage channels, will need to be cleared as part of Track improvements. A start could be made on planting replacements further back from the line of the Track.
5) Habitat monitoring and recording.

It's possible to undertake some of these tasks independently of LA involvement but not all of them.

Best wishes
Andy Sharp
(Chair of the Friends of the Old Railway)"

n.b In Suggestion 3 I mention "the Maintenance Schedule". This is a bit cheeky because I've never seen any evidence that it actually exists.

What the sea taketh away...

The recent weather system known as the "Beast from the East" not only turned our house into a freezer (it stands up above most of Scarborough and was directly exposed to the strong, and very cold, east wind) but also scoured enormous amounts of sand off of both of the town's beaches.

Freshly exposed rocks in the North Bay

No slippy algae on this one

This part of the coast has always been subject to a phenomenon known as longshore drift where sand is picked up by the sea and tends to drift towards the south. The end result of all this is Spurn Point, a long spit of sand at the mouth of the Humber. 

Spurn Point

Of course we'd rather that our beaches didn't just disappear but we're used to the fact that they keep on changing and when I went out for a walk yesterday I became confident that at least some of the sand would soon be back, and the uncovered stones would once again snuggle back under their sandy blanket.

Random dog playing in the turbid water

Sometimes the waves coming in are white, bright and frothy. At others, like this, they're brown and murky. The sand is on it's way back...

Cinder Track Feb 2018

I had an inspection ride up the Track from Scarborough to Ravenscar yesterday. Here's a brief report.

The last few weeks have been quite wet so there's a lot of water about. Now while you might expect to put on your walking boots and wellies if you're out in the countryside you wouldn't expect it in town.

Entering Barrowcliff Field the track is completely flooded

Technical note (what I believe to be the case) There's always been a spring near here and when the path was laid, about 20 yeas ago, a land drain was put along the left hand (western edge) connecting to a pipe under the track. Unfortunately, not long after, a heavy vehicle went along here and, because the path is narrow, put its wheels on the grass and broke the drain. 

Further up the Track, near the Gallows Close Centre, the Track goes through a cutting. Water regularly gathers here and in one of the puddles planks have been put down so that people can get through without getting too wet or too muddy.

Puddles in the cutting at Gallows Close

I have to admit that I don't think there's any other bit of well used public space in town where paths in this condition would be tolerated. Perhaps it has to do with the demographic of the Track's users.

A few years ago the Rugby Club moved out to its new location alongside the Track. There'd always been problems with surface water running along the Track, causing severe erosion, but improvements to the drains had made things much better. But, drains fill up and severe silting means that unless something is done soon we're going to get the erosion once again.

The drain on the left is almost completely full of silt and 

water will soon spill onto the Track and then run on down the hill

Beyond Burniston there is plenty of standing water and between Hayburn Wyke and the Grange Farm crossing (the two gates which cross the Track north of Staintondale Station) there is a lot of water running along the surface. It's clearly time for some routine drain maintenance.

and he had a gun....

A friend has just had his 64th birthday and it'll be mine later this year. Because he lives in Southampton I doubt he'll be renting a cottage on the Isle of Wight and if he ever does stay out till quarter to four there'll be  a search party long before anyone locks the door.

In the early 1980's I spent a year living in the United States and I didn't know anyone that I knew had a gun. Of course this doesn't mean that none of my American friends did, just that they didn't choose to talk about it.

A decade later we took our young family on a camping trip to the North West coast and spent a few nights camped half way up Mount Spokane in Washington State. Along with the marvelous views and an entertaining troupe of gophers we shared our campsite with, among others, a couple of old hippies in a camper van. 

Now one of the things about life under canvas is that you get to hear everything that's going on around you. The sound of rain, on a well pitched tent with a decent flysheet, is actually quite comforting but an unwanted trample through the Beatles back catalogue at half past three in the morning isn't. 

Not being particularly sensible, and by then sleep deprived and bad tempered, I crawled out of the tent, went over to the hippies camper van and politely asked them in that passive aggressive English way if they'd mind turning the music down. "I've got small children and we'd really like to sleep"

It worked, the music stopped, I calmed down and dropped off.

The next day I overheard the hippies discussing the incident with another camper. The final words were "and he had a gun.."

A family of gophers watching an idiot risk his life in a land full of guns

The washing up geek.

I suspect that when most people are faced by what seems an inherently boring task such as doing the washing up they respond by either putting it off as long as possible or, when they do get around to doing it, paying as little attention as possible or getting someone else, or a machine, to do it for them.

Back in the late 70's and early 80's I spent most of my time living in shared student houses where washing up was always a major bone of contention. In one house I hid most of the surplus pans so that, rather than just getting another pan out of the cupboard, my house mates were obliged to clean up at least one of the dirty ones we'd already got. The least contentious way of managing shared cooking turned out to be to make the cooking and washing up a combined task. If it was your turn to cook it was also your turn to do the washing up.

Unlikely as it may seem I have been able to have a few decent conversations with people about the basic principles behind washing up. A simple one, which comes from experience camping when there's not a lot of water to go around, is that at each stage of the process you get the water as dirty as possible before getting rid of it and moving onto the next. But, by and large, and this includes my present housemates, these are discussions that most people simply don't want to have. Indeed, they're discussions that my current housemates won't let me have. I might try to explain the logic and science behind my way of doing things but that requires an attentive, and definitely not hostile, audience. So, even though there are reasons behind what I do, I never get the opportunity to explain what they are. 

Most readers will be familiar with the sense of frustration you get when you're prevented from completing a song that you've started singing. Well us poor compulsive didacts get the same feeling when our attempts to explain something aren't allowed to run their full course.

So, this illustrated post is my way of relieving this frustration.

Someone has been doing some cooking and this is how the working part of the kitchen has been left.

The starting state of the kitchen

The draining board is full of washing up from the last session and new items are beginning to pile up. Some things have made their way into the water left over from the last session and are having a soak.

Sink and draining board at the start

The first, and I'd say obvious, stage is to make space by putting away the now dry crockery and cutlery from the previous session. 

Stuff put away and drainer now clear

Stage 2 is to get the worst off using the water left in the bowl from the previous session.

Items have been swilled clean and the dirty 

water from the bowl disposed of down the sink

Previously swilled items can now be put back into the bowl so that those which will be stacked first, on the right hand side of the drainer (to avoid dripping water on stuff that's already draining), can be washed first. In the following picture you'll notice a small amount of washing up liquid in the cereal bowl in the centre. The basic technique is to slowly run hot water into the first item, clean it with a brush or nylon scourer tipping the left over soapy water into the bowl ready for the next item. The first item is then rinsed under the slowly running water and stacked to dry. Repeat for each item with the bowl slowly getting more full of water.

Previously swilled items in the bowl about to be washed

Greasy items with hollow interiors can be swilled by simply scooping a bit of water from the bowl and then disposing of the dirty water down the sink. This avoids getting a lining of grease in the bowl. 

Getting the worst off a dirty frying pan 

without contaminating the water in the bowl

Finally, everything has been cleaned, stacked and in 10-15 minutes will be dry enough to put away and for the process to start all over again.

Everything washed and drying with 

water left over to swill off the next load

For the sake of completion just a word about stacking patterns on the drainer. The basic principle is that bowl shaped items (where even plates can be thought of as shallow bowls) are stacked with the smallest to the right so that the bigger ones effectively contain the smaller but without touching.

+ On this occasion I used a measuring jug to see how much water I'd used and it came to about 2.5 litres.

Postscript

This post began a long time ago, in pseudo philosophical style as "A dialogue concerning the washing up" I can't remember why the two protagonists were titled A and M but, so that you can see where this particular strand of geekiness comes from, here's how it started.

M. "I understand that you've a long history of annoying your housemates by being seeming to be obsessed with the "correct" way of doing the washing up. What's that all about?"

A. "Well, as a student I briefly worked in a hospital laundry. Loading the washing machines, transferring wet washing to the spin dryers and then loading the tumble dryers was men's work. The women then took the dry laundry from the tumble dryers and ironed it on vast ironing machines. None of the work was particularly exciting but I made my own amusement by working out the most efficient ways to transfer the washing between the various stages. Now it just so happened that we were being assessed by time and motion men and at lunchtime I'd chat with them in the hospital canteen about their work and whether or not my enthusiasm for efficiency would cause problems for the other workers."

M."So you then realised that you'd got a thing about doing things properly?"

A. "Not so much that, more that the way I found to deal with the incipient boredom was to think about what I was doing rather than day dream about something else.  During my second week on the job we were joined by another young temporary worker who wasted no time in letting everyone else know how crap he though the job was and I left because I simply couldn't bear to hear him being so thoroughly disrespectful to the other workers who had little choice but to get on with the job."

M. "So how does this fit in with the washing up?"

A. "Well its simply just another task that you can either choose to belittle and attempt to ignore or you can deal with the boredom by thinking about what you're doing."

M. "So what washing up wisdom have you got to impart?"

A."Well, the first thing you need to know is that I still do it all by hand. The kitchen we inherited is fine but the spaces under the work surfaces are tight and without major reconstruction there's no way we could actually accommodate a dish washer without major disruption. Anyway, my first principle would be that you can't start the washing up until you've cleared a space to put the stuff you've washed up. This means putting stuff away."

Cardboard

From the late 60's to the mid 70's I followed Leeds United all over the country. Unlike today, going to top flight football was still a cheap afternoon out, you didn't often need ticket reservations and most of us preferred to sway on the terraces rather than sit in the stands. 

My Dad, who never really had much idea of what was going on in the game, but liked the spectacle, often came along too and we'd use the car park of an industrial unit not far from the ground. The first time we did this we simply said to the guy on the gate that it was "Mr Sharp", he just presumed that we were supposed to be there and, for subsequent games, even kept a space for us if we were a bit late.

I'd get to most other games by catching the supporters' bus from Harrogate, though there was one memorable occasion when my Dad did drive us down to the match at Nottingham Forest. Stood opposite the main stand, which had the dressing rooms underneath, at half time we noticed what looked like flames coming from under the seats. Within ten minutes the stand had emptied onto the pitch and, instead of watching the second half, we were entertained by firemen attempting the quell the flames with water from the nearby River Trent. By the end all that was left was a smouldering heap of timber. The unfortunate headline in Goal magazine that week was  "Leeds ready to set fire to Forest".

Later that season I went to the penultimate game of the season at Anfield ( Liverpool) where a goalless draw gave Leeds the championship. With the Leeds team heralded by the home fans, I left the ground in good spirits and made my way back to the bus. As we were going past Stanley Park I had my scarf nicked, protested loudly and got beaten up for my troubles. It turned out that I'd got a cracked coccyx (the vestigial tale bone at the bottom of your spine). It might have hurt but at least gave an excuse not to play cricket at school: A dangerous game where the fast bowlers could spot any sign of weakness and where my usual tactic was to daydream on the boundary keeping well out of the way of that horrible hard ball. 

Leeds United taking tributes from the Kop (28/4/1969)

Since these were the olden days, we used to spend most of our time playing out; climbing trees, making dens in the woods, dams on the beck, tracking on our bikes and generally being places we weren't supposed to be. A lot of time was spent playing football on the fringes of the local cricket pitch. I knew I wasn't very good but, even so, for many years a good part my fantasy life revolved around suddenly developing real talent and somehow being discovered by the scouts at Elland Road. 

As a slightly distant child, who always seemed to be thinking about things that the other boys weren't, who often missed the jokes (because of a strong and surviving tendency to take words at face value), who never got picked first for any of the teams and hung out more with the girls than was considered normal, I longed to fit in but didn't quite know how to do it.  One of the signs of fitting in was to be given a nick name and eventually, one day, I was, "Cardboard".

Now I'd always presumed they'd called me this because of my general obliviousness to standard boyhood humour, but a couple of months ago, more than 40 years later, I finally learned the truth.

My mother was in a cafe in Ripon when she recognised one of the other customers as one of my early playmates. They spoke about the past, what he and his 3 brothers were up to and the nickname they'd given me. It turns out that it had nothing to do with my slow response to jokes, which (being differently stupid*) I'm well able to live with, but with something altogether more undermining. During all those games of football it turned out they thought I was as much use as a cardboard cut out.

Even though it's a long time ago, and those particular fantasies have been successively replaced by others that have turned out to be similarly foolish, I found this surprisingly upsetting. It seems that the judgement of your peers can cast a very long shadow.

* A politically correct term I fondly imagine I formed for myself when an acquaintance learned where I'd been to college and said "you must be quite clever"

An open goal (draft)

This is a blog post that started being put together a long time ago. The basic idea was to gather evidence supporting the extremely simple proposition that if we took seriously the task of getting people to be more active there would be very large benefits to public health and personal well being. In addition, it would mean that the overstretched NHS would see fewer people coming through the door with entirely preventable illnesses and be better able to cope with the rest. It might also have made the point that what we've got at the moment isn't so much a health service as an illness service.

I'd already produced a few posts on this topic. Most notably the first "If it were a drug" and a follow up "The cost of sitting around in North Yorkshire" that used official studies to estimate some of the costs of physical activity in my home county 

So, what follows is the draft post as I find it today, including the slightly weird introductory paragraph that looks like it belongs somewhere else. I can only suspect that I was going to mention the organisation "Transport 2000" (now re-named The Campaign for Better Transport) that looked forward to the days when we'd take walking and cycling seriously as ways of getting about our towns and cities. 


As a child I used to imagine what it would be like in the year 2000. Apart from the obvious personal calculation - I'd be 46 - there was also the assumption that we'd lead our lives in very different ways. The millennium now feels like quite a long time ago. 

One in three cases of Alzheimer's are preventable

Inactivity drives obesity? 

Obesity linked to urban design and time spent in a car

Six seconds of exercise

Dr Bhaskaran said he hoped the findings would help governments take "courageous action" to tackle the obesity. "It will require action in various different areas. We need to look at how the most offending foods are the cheapest and most available and how [towns] are not set up for activity. We need support for people to lose weight. It is a big challenge."

Walking and cycling to work improves well being.


Thrill seeking sedent at The onion

Lancet article on health impact of physical activity (used in HIPI)

Promoting cycling is good for jobs

Fitness not fatness

Car dependency and mental health

Physiological dysregulation

Lack of adequate appreciation of physical exercise's complexities can pre-empt appropriate design and interpretation in scientific discovery

2012 Nice Report "We all face barriers in changing our lifestyles and many of us feel we don't have the time or the inclination to add regular physical activity into our lives. But walking and cycling – to work, to school, to the shops or elsewhere – can make a huge difference. It's an opportunity to make these activities part of normal, routine daily behaviour."

Royal College of Psychiatrists. Physical activity can reduce stress, anxiety and depression.

American retirees are looking for walkable communities.

NHS report An hour of exercise might compensate for an office life style

Active lessons can boost learning. Loughborough Universtiy project

Cars are the new tobacco  Journal of Public Health 2011

Psychology of attitudes to cycling

Barriers to cycling

Them and us Myth of the blameless cyclist

"This is the other key point – free parking is fundamentally regressive, a subsidy to people who tend to be richer than average. Many politicians, and newspapers, see the car as the default travel choice for everyone, and of course if you’re outside a town or city, often dreadful public transport means a motor vehicle might be your only means of getting to the nearest hospital." https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/02/free-hospital-parking-daily-mirror-jeremy-corbyn

Walking with your doctor ?

Moderate or vigorous Try the "talk test" 

Exercise can slow the aging process ( a study of elderly cyclists)

Get up now and then and move about (the benefits of breaking up prolonged sitting) With particular reference to Diabetes

From Public Health England 2018

"Over the past 30 years, physical activity has declined significantly in the UK. For example, in England, the average distance walked per person per year for transport purposes fell from 255 miles in 1975/76 to 192 miles in 2003. Distances cycled fell from 51 miles per person per year to 34 miles over the same time period, while car use increased by over 10%. Although the average commuting  distance is increasing, one-fifth of all journeys of less than one mile are made by car.35,60 The proportion of the population in an occupation requiring substantial physical effort has also declined." Tackling Obesities: Future Choices – Project report

A study of Children's independent mobility. Mayer Hillman, John Adams and John Whitelegg.

Cars don't just choke children they tear a hole in our communities. George Monbiot

Car ownership and the rise of extreme individualism. George Monbiot

Motor vehicles and the impact on quality of life in urban areas. A study in Bristol

The lifestyle factors that cause cancer – and why many people are still confused by the risks from The Conversation.

Tip of the tongue moments less likely in fitter older people.

Ditching the car may reduce the risks of heart disease and stroke by almost a third.